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1.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 38(3): 181-187, abril 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-218080

RESUMO

Introducción: Se denomina síndrome de Terson (ST) a cualquier tipo de hemorragia intraocular (HIO), identificada en pacientes con patología aguda intracraneal. El ST parece estar relacionado con la gravedad clínica en la hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA), pero en pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico (TCE) y hemorragia intracerebral (HIC), su asociación está por definir. Diseñamos este estudio para evaluar el rendimiento de la ecografía ocular (EO) y su utilidad en la práctica clínica.Materiales y métodosRealizamos un estudio observacional prospectivo, unicéntrico en pacientes neurocríticos. Analizamos los casos con respecto a los controles, identificados con oftalmoscopia indirecta (OI), y por EO. Determinamos las características diagnósticas de la EO. Hicimos un análisis multivariante para determinar asociaciones clínicamente relevantes.ResultadosSe incluyeron 91 pacientes con diagnósticos de HIC (41,76%), HSA (29,67%) y TCE (28,57%). El ST fue identificado por EO en ocho pacientes (8,79%) y en 24 pacientes (24,37%) por OI. La mortalidad ajustada para los pacientes con ST tuvo una OR 4,15 con IC 95% (1,52 - 11,33). Todos los pacientes con ST identificados por EO presentaron una escala de coma de Glasgow < 9 y tuvieron un riesgo elevado de precisar craniectomía descompresiva, una OR 9,84 (1,64 - 59). La EO alcanzó una sensibilidad global de 30,43%, una especificidad del 98,53%, con una precisión diagnóstica de 81,32. Para la detección de la hemorragia vítrea, una sensibilidad y especificidad del 87,5 y 98,5%, respectivamente.ConclusionesEl ST diagnosticado por EO discrimina pacientes neurocríticos de extrema gravedad que pueden requerir el máximo escalón terapéutico y es un factor independiente de mortalidad intrahospitalaria. (AU)


Introduction: Terson syndrome (TS) is defined as any intraocular haemorrhage identified in patients with acute intracranial pathology. TS appears to be associated with clinical severity in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), but the association is yet to be defined in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ocular ultrasound (OU) and its usefulness in clinical practice.Material and methodsWe performed an observational, prospective, single-centre study of neurocritical care patients. We analysed cases and controls, defined according to indirect ophthalmoscopy (IO) and OU findings. We determined the diagnostic characteristics of OU. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify clinically relevant associations.ResultsThe sample included 91 patients diagnosed with ICH (41.76%), SAH (29.67%), and TBI (28.57%). TS was identified by OU in 8 patients (8.79%) and by IO in 24 (24.37%). The adjusted mortality rate in patients with TS showed an odds ratio (OR) of 4.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52-11.33). All patients with TS detected by OU presented Glasgow Coma Scale scores < 9, with an elevated risk of needing decompressive craniectomy (OR: 9.84; 95% CI, 1.64-59). OU presented an overall sensitivity of 30.43%, specificity of 98.53%, and diagnostic accuracy of 81.32%. For the detection of vitreous haemorrhage, sensitivity and specificity were 87.5% and 98.5%, respectively.ConclusionsOU diagnosis of TS identifies extremely critical patients, who may require the highest level of care; TS is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea , Hemorragia Cerebral , Hemorragia Ocular , Ultrassonografia
2.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 38(3): 181-187, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35305963

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Terson syndrome (TS) is defined as any intraocular haemorrhage identified in patients with acute intracranial pathology. TS appears to be associated with clinical severity in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), but the association is yet to be defined in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ocular ultrasound (OU) and its usefulness in clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed an observational, prospective, single-centre study of neurocritical care patients. We analysed cases and controls, defined according to indirect ophthalmoscopy (IO) and OU findings. We determined the diagnostic characteristics of OU. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify clinically relevant associations. RESULTS: The sample included 91 patients diagnosed with ICH (41.76%), SAH (29.67%), and TBI (28.57%). TS was identified by OU in 8 patients (8.79%) and by IO in 24 (24.37%). The adjusted mortality rate in patients with TS showed an odds ratio (OR) of 4.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52-11.33). All patients with TS detected by OU presented Glasgow Coma Scale scores < 9, with an elevated risk of needing decompressive craniectomy (OR: 9.84; 95% CI, 1.64-59). OU presented an overall sensitivity of 30.43%, specificity of 98.53%, and diagnostic accuracy of 81.32%. For the detection of vitreous haemorrhage, sensitivity and specificity were 87.5% and 98.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: OU diagnosis of TS identifies extremely critical patients, who may require the highest level of care; TS is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality.


Assuntos
Hemorragia Subaracnóidea , Hemorragia Vítrea , Humanos , Hemorragia Cerebral , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Vítrea/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Vítrea/complicações
3.
Cir Cir ; 90(4): 497-502, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35944456

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The onset of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic brought with it important changes in the hospital care for all diseases. According to the international literature, since the beginning of the pandemic there has been an impact in the incidence, etiology, and severity of head trauma, all these changes as a direct consequence of lockdown. OBJECTIVE: In this article we analyzed the characteristics of craniofacial trauma in patients admitted to a private hospital in Mexico City during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. METHOD: Medical records from patients admitted in Medica Sur between March 2020 and June 2021. In this study, incidence, etiology, severity of the injuries and the SARS-CoV-2 PCR result performed upon admission were analyzed. RESULTS: Although there is no study in Mexico like ours, the results were similar to those reported by other hospital centers worldwide, presenting a greater number of cases classified as mild craniofacial trauma, in addition to finding that the main age group affected were older adults. CONCLUSIONS: The reported information in our study provides a general view of craniofacial trauma characteristics during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.


INTRODUCCIÓN: El inicio de la pandemia provocada por SARS-CoV-2 trajo consigo importantes cambios en los cuidados hospitalarios para todas las enfermedades. De acuerdo con la literatura internacional, desde el comienzo, y a consecuencia del aislamiento, ha existido un impacto en la incidencia, la etiología y la gravedad del trauma craneomaxilofacial. OBJETIVO: Estudiar las características del trauma craneofacial en los pacientes ingresados a un hospital privado en la Ciudad de México durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. MÉTODO: Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de los pacientes ingresados a Médica Sur, entre marzo de 2020 y junio de 2021. Se analizaron la incidencia, la etiología, la gravedad de las lesiones y el resultado de la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para SARS-CoV-2 que se realizó durante la atención hospitalaria. RESULTADOS: En México no existe un estudio semejante al nuestro, pero los resultados fueron similares a los reportados por otros centros hospitalarios en el mundo, presentando un mayor número de casos clasificados como traumatismo craneofacial leve, además de encontrar que el principal grupo de edad afectado fueron los adultos mayores. CONCLUSIONES: La información reportada en nuestro estudio brinda un panorama general sobre las características del trauma craneofacial durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais , Traumatismos Faciais , Hospitais Privados , Pandemias , Idoso , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Cidades/epidemiologia , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/etiologia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/terapia , Traumatismos Faciais/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Faciais/etiologia , Traumatismos Faciais/terapia , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , México/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação
4.
Medisan ; 26(1)feb. 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1405765

RESUMO

Se describe el caso clínico de un lactante de 47 días de nacido, quien fue atendido en el Cuerpo de Guardia de Pediatría del Hospital Provincial General Docente Antonio Luaces Iraola de Ciego de Ávila, por presentar aumento de la circunferencia cefálica, irritabilidad y agitación. Los exámenes realizados mostraron signos de hipertensión endocraneana descompensada, secundaria a colección del espacio subdural izquierdo. Se eliminó el higroma subdural y la recuperación fue favorable en las primeras 36 horas; luego comenzó a convulsionar y apareció nuevamente el deterioro neurológico, por lo cual se decidió reintervenir. Se realizó inducción anestésica con tiopental sódico fentanilo y rocuronio. El paciente evolucionó sin complicaciones.


The case report of a 47 days infant is described. He was assisted in the children emergency room of Antonio Luaces Iraola Teaching General Provincial Hospital in Ciego de Ávila, due to an increase of the cephalic circumference, irritability and agitation. The exams showed signs of upset endocranial hypertension, secondary to collection of the left subdural space. The subdural hygroma was eliminated and the recovery was favorable in the first 36 hours; then a covulsion began and the neurological deterioration appeared again, reason why it was decided to operate once more. Anesthetic induction was carried out with fentanyl sodium thiopental and rocuronium. The patient had a favorable clinical course without complications.


Assuntos
Derrame Subdural , Derrame Subdural/cirurgia , Lactente , Hematoma Subdural Intracraniano , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas
5.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1381969

RESUMO

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la actitud hacia la sexualidad en pacientes con antecedentes de trauma craneoencefálico (TCE), de acuerdo al nivel de severidad presentado. Método: se llevó a cabo un estudio de tipo descriptivo en una muestra de 126 personas, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 49 años, con antecedente de trauma craneoencefálico leve, moderado y severo, a quienes se les aplicó la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Sexualidad Ampliada (ATSS) y una encuesta de actitudes hacia la sexualidad. Resultados: se encontró que la mayoría de los participantes manifestaron haber sufrido cambios en su sexualidad tras el TCE, caracterizados por la disminución de la frecuencia de las relaciones y el deseo sexual, sin embargo, evidencian una actitud positiva frente a la sexualidad. Conclusiones: si bien la sexualidad es considerada importante por los participantes del estudio, no se evidenció una conducta tendiente a la erotofilia. No se encontraron diferencias significativas respecto al nivel de severidad del trauma craneoencefálico


The objective of this research was to analyze the attitude towards sexuality in patients with a history of cranioencephalic trauma (TCE), according to the level of severity presented. Method: a descriptive study was carried out in a sample of 126 people, aged between 18 and 49 years, with a history of mild, moderate, and severe head trauma, to whom the Scale of Attitudes towards Extended Sexuality -ATSS and a Survey of Attitudes towards Sexuality were applied. Results: it was found that most of the participants reported having suffered changes in their sexuality after TCE, characterized by a decrease in the frequency of relationships and sexual desire, however, they show a positive attitude towards sexuality. Conclusions: although sexuality is considered important by the study participants, there was no evidence of behavior tending to erotophilia. No significant differences were found regarding the level of severity of cranioencephalic trauma


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/psicologia , Encefalopatias/psicologia , Sexualidade/psicologia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/reabilitação
6.
Rev. medica electron ; 43(5): 1427-1435, 2021. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1352122

RESUMO

RESUMEN Las heridas craneocerebrales penetrantes más frecuentes son las provocadas por armas de fuego; las restantes resultan de rara frecuencia. Se presentó un caso que recibió agresión craneoencefálica por arpón, de forma accidental, fuera del agua. Se describieron los detalles del suceso, los exámenes complementarios, la conducta adoptada, el manejo neuroquirúrgico, y la sorprendente evolución postoperatoria del paciente (AU).


ABSTRACT The most frequent penetrating craniocerebral wounds are those caused by firearms; the remaining ones are rare. We presented a case that received accidental cranioencephalic aggression by harpoon, an event that occurred out of the water. Details of the event, complementary examinations, adopted behavior and neurosurgical management that were decided, as well as the surprising post-operative evolution of the patient were described (AU).


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Ferimentos Penetrantes/cirurgia , Traumatismos Cranianos Penetrantes/diagnóstico , Ferimentos Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia/métodos , Evolução Clínica/métodos , Traumatismos Cranianos Penetrantes/cirurgia , Traumatismos Cranianos Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagem
7.
Salud UNINORTE ; 37(2): 264-284, mayo-ago. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377249

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivos: El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el desenlace en el egreso y en el seguimiento a un año de los pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico severo sometidos a craniectomía descompresiva primaria y secundaria en la Clínica de la Universidad de La Sabana, en un periodo de cinco años. Pacientes y métodos: Se llevó a cabo una serie de casos retrospectiva de pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico severo sometidos a craniectomía descompresiva entre 2008 y 2013. Los desenlaces primarios fueron la sobrevida y el estado funcional medido por la escala de desenlace de Glasgow al momento del egreso hospitalario y al año de seguimiento. Como desenlaces secundarios se incluyeron el tiempo de latencia para la realización de la craniectomía, las complicaciones intra- y postoperatorias, días de hospitalización y estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, tiempo de ventilación, resultados de la craneoplastia y causa de muerte. Resultados: Treinta y cinco pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico severo fueron sometidos a craniectomía descompresiva en el periodo de estudio, 29 primarias y 6 secundarias, con una latencia mediana de 5 horas y 57 horas, respectivamente. Se observó una sobrevida del 51,4 % de los pacientes, de los cuales 39 % presentó recuperación funcional satisfactoria en la escala de desenlace de Glasgow en el momento del egreso y al año. Conclusiones: En este grupo de pacientes sometidos a craniectomía descompresiva primaria o secundaria, junto con un manejo interdisciplinario y rehabilitación precoz, se presentaron desenlaces funcionales favorables en el seguimiento a largo plazo.


ABSTRACT Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome, at discharge and at one-year follow-up, of patients with severe traumatic brain injury undergoing primary and secondary decompressive craniectomy at Clinica Universidad de La Sabana, over a period of five years. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective case series of patients with severe traumatic brain injury undergoing decompressive craniectomy between 2008 and 2013. Te primary outcomes were survival and functional status, measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale, both at discharge, and at the one year follow-up. Secondary outcomes included latency time for craniectomy, intra and postoperative complications, days of hospitalization and intensive care unit stay, ventilation time, cranioplasty results, and cause of death. Results: Thirty-five patients with severe traumatic brain injury underwent decompressive craniectomy in the study period, 29 of which were primary and 6, secondary, with a median latency of 5 hours and 57 hours, respectively. A survival of 51.4% of the patients was observed, of which 39% presented satisfactory functional recovery on the Glasgow outcome scale at the time of discharge and one year later. Conclusions: In this group of patients who underwent primary or secondary decompressive craniectomy, together with interdisciplinary management and early rehabilitation, favorable functional outcomes were found in the long-term follow-up.

8.
Rev. méd. (La Paz) ; 27(1): 43-46, 2021. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289833

RESUMO

El trauma craneoencefálico tiene relevancia a nivel global, con incidencia mundial estimada de 200 casos por 100 000 personas, generando una carga importante también para el sistema de salud de Latinoamérica. El objetivo del presente documento es describir la experiencia exitosa en un Centro de Trauma en la atención de un paciente con trauma craneoencefálico penetrante con objeto a "baja velocidad", un destornillador, realizándose además una sucinta revisión acerca de la literatura relacionada actual.


Trauma brain injury has relevance at the global level, with worldwide estimated incidence of 200 cases per 100 000 people, also generating a significant burden to the health system in Latin America. The aim of this document is to describe the successful experience in a Trauma Center in the management of a patient with penetrating brain trauma injury secondary to a "low speed" object, a screwdriver, in addition a concise review about the current related literature is performed.


Assuntos
Ferimentos e Lesões
9.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 37(2)dic. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1386261

RESUMO

Resumen Los accidentes de tránsito son una de las principales causas de lesiones y muertes en la población general, se ha descrito que aproximadamente el 60% de las muertes por accidentes de tránsito son ocasionadas por el trauma craneoencefálico, siendo que el daño axonal difuso es una causa frecuente de coma y discapacidad grave. Dentro de los hallazgos más importantes en la autopsia médico legal a nivel macróscopico se encuentran las petequias en cuerpo calloso, hemorragias en sustancia blanca, entre otros y a nivel microscópico se observan edema axonal reactivo diseminado. En el presente artículo se comentará un caso de daño axonal difuso secundario a un accidente de tránsito, además se realizará una revisión del tema abarcando los puntos más importantes a tomar en cuenta desde el punto de vista médico legal.


Abstract Traffic accidents are one of the main causes of injuries and deaths in the general population, it has been described that approximately 60% of deaths from traffic accidents are caused by head trauma, diffuse axonal damage is a cause frequent coma and severe disability after head trauma, among the most important findings in the legal medical autopsy at the macroscopic level are the petechiae in the corpus callosum, hemorrhages in white matter, among others and at the microscopic level disseminated reactive axonal swelling. In this article, a case of diffuse axonal damage secondary to a traffic accident will be discussed, and a review of the subject will be carried out covering the most important points to be taken into account from the legal medical point of view.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Acidentes de Trânsito , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/diagnóstico , Costa Rica
10.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 2020 Sep 07.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32912744

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Terson syndrome (TS) is defined as any intraocular haemorrhage identified in patients with acute intracranial pathology. TS appears to be associated with clinical severity in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), but the association is yet to be defined in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ocular ultrasound (OU) and its usefulness in clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed an observational, prospective, single-centre study of neurocritical care patients. We analysed cases and controls, defined according to indirect ophthalmoscopy (IO) and OU findings. We determined the diagnostic characteristics of OU. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify clinically relevant associations. RESULTS: The sample included 91 patients diagnosed with ICH (41.76%), SAH (29.67%), and TBI (28.57%). TS was identified by OU in 8 patients (8.79%) and by IO in 24 (24.37%). The adjusted mortality rate in patients with TS showed an odds ratio (OR) of 4.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52-11.33). All patients with TS detected by OU presented Glasgow Coma Scale scores < 9, with an elevated risk of needing decompressive craniectomy (OR: 9.84; 95% CI, 1.64-59). OU presented an overall sensitivity of 30.43%, specificity of 98.53%, and diagnostic accuracy of 81.32%. For the detection of vitreous haemorrhage, sensitivity and specificity were 87.5% and 98.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: OU diagnosis of TS identifies extremely critical patients, who may require the highest level of care; TS is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality.

11.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 48(3): 155-161, July-Sept. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1126297

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction: With the evolution of diagnostic techniques in traumatic brain injury (TBI), the study of neurological injury has made progress based on the concepts of primary and secondary injury, leading to the era of proteomics to understand the complex molecular events involved in the process. Objectives: This narrative review is intended to discuss the state of the art of the most frequently used biomarkers in TBI, their clinical utility, and the implications for therapeutic decision-making protocols. Materials and methods: In order to fulfill the objective of this paper, a literature review was conducted of the most important databases. Results: Several biomarkers have been studied as prognostic factors in patients with TBI. Learning about their sensitivity and specificity in neurological injury, and its post-trauma evolution over time, has been the goal of various papers in the past few years. Conclusion: Breakthroughs in the study of protein degradation make it necessary to broaden the spectrum and knowledge of new diagnostic methods in TBI. Further studies are needed to define the role of biomarkers and to promote protocols integrating specific values.


Resumen Introducción: Con la evolución de las técnicas diagnósticas en el trauma craneoencefálico, el estudio de la lesión neurológica ha progresado sobre los conceptos de lesión primaria y secundaria, para entrar así en la era de la proteómica y, con ella, entender los complejos eventos moleculares existentes en su proceso. Objetivos: En esta revisión narrativa se pretende presentar el estado actual de los biomarcadores que más se usan en lesión cerebral traumática, su utilidad clínica y las implicaciones en protocolos de decisión terapéutica. Materiales y métodos: Para dar respuesta al objetivo de este trabajo, se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las principales bases de datos. Resultados: Se han estudiado varios biomarcadores como factor pronóstico en pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico. Conocer su sensibilidad y especificidad para la lesión neurológica, así como su evolución en el tiempo tras el traumatismo, ha sido el objetivo de diversos trabajos en los últimos años. Conclusión: El avance en el estudio de los productos de degradación de las proteínas hace necesario ampliar el espectro y el conocimiento en el campo de los nuevos métodos diagnósticos en el trauma craneoencefálico. Se requieren más estudios para definir la función de los biomarcadores y proponer protocolos que integren valores específicos.


Assuntos
Humanos , Biomarcadores , Lesões dos Tecidos Moles , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas , Prognóstico , Fatores Biológicos/administração & dosagem , Proteômica
12.
Cir Cir ; 88(2): 200-205, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32116326

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), there is a lack of consensus about the need and time to perform a tracheostomy. Nowadays, the decision is individualized to each case. It is considered that patients that will need a tracheostomy profit by performing it earlier. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational and prospective study was performed. One hundred and twenty patients in a period of 18 months between 2016 and 2018, older than 18 years, with severe TBI at the first 24 h of trauma were analyzed. Clinical, biochemical, and radiological findings at admission were measured; patients were followed up until discharge. The statistical analysis was made with Student's t-test, χ2, and prevalence risk ratio. RESULTS: Ten associated factors were grouped according to the prevalence risk ratio. The principal factors were CRASH score, IMPACT score, SAPS II score, APACHE II score, age, revised trauma score, Glasgow Coma Scale, subdural hematoma, uni or bilateral abnormal pupil reactivity, and collapse of basal cisterns. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that there are multiple factors associated with the need for tracheostomy in adult patients with severe TBI and it is possible to predict according to our findings from admission which patients will profit by this procedure.


ANTECEDENTES: No existe aún consenso respecto de la necesidad y el tiempo de realización de traqueostomía en el paciente con trauma craneoencefálico (TCE) grave. En la actualidad, la decisión se individualiza en cada caso. Se considera que los pacientes que requieren traqueostomía tendrán mayor beneficio si se realiza de forma temprana. MÉTODO: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional y prospectivo, en un periodo de 18 meses entre 2016 y 2018, con 120 pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de TCE grave, en las primeras 24 horas del trauma. Se evaluaron datos clínicos, bioquímicos y radiológicos al ingreso, y se siguió hasta el alta hospitalaria. Se analizan las variables con las prueba t de Student y ji al cuadrado, y también la tasa de riesgo de prevalencia. RESULTADOS: Los factores de riesgo asociados con la necesidad de traqueostomía en el paciente con TCE grave fueron los resultados en las escalas CRASH, IMPACT, SAPS II y APACHE II, la edad, la puntuación de la Revised Trauma Score y de la Escala de Glasgow al ingreso, la presencia y el volumen de hematoma subdural, la respuesta pupilar anormal unilateral o bilateral, y el colapso parcial o total de las cisternas basales. CONCLUSIONES: Existen numerosos factores de riesgo asociados con la necesidad de traqueostomía en los pacientes adultos con TCE grave, y es posible predecir desde el momento del ingreso qué pacientes se beneficiarán de la realización de una traqueostomía.


Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Traqueostomia , Adulto , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/complicações , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Respiração Artificial , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
13.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 37(1): 39-44, ene.-mar. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098370

RESUMO

Resumen La intoxicación con alcohol está frecuentemente asociada con trauma craneoencefálico (TCE), pero el impacto del alcohol en la patogénesis y el pronóstico del TCE sigue siendo poco clara. La literatura actual provee evidencia en términos de datos clínicos y experimentales que respaldan los efectos neuroprotectores del alcohol en pacientes con TCE. Para establecer de manera significativa esta relación es necesario el desarrollo de estudios prospectivos observacionales fuertes, con el fin de comprender los efectos del alcohol en los resultados clínicos a largo plazo (incluyendo el resultado neurológico) en pacientes con TCE con una apropiada selección y ajuste del riesgo basal.


Abstract Alcohol intoxication is often associated with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), but the impact of alcohol on the pathogenesis and prognosis of TBIs remains unclear. Current literature provides evidence in terms of experimental and clinical data supporting alcohol's neuroprotective effects in patients with TBIs. To establish in a significative way this association, there lies a need for strong prospective observational studies, in order to comprehend the effects of alcohol on the long-term outcomes (including the neurological outcome) in patients with TBI with proper selection and baseline risk adjustment.


Assuntos
Apoptose , Intoxicação Alcoólica/complicações , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/complicações , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Alcoolismo/complicações
14.
Rev. medica electron ; 41(6): 1457-1470, oct.-dic. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1094142

RESUMO

RESUMEN La hipertensión intracraneal influye negativamente en el pronóstico del traumatismo craneoencefálico grave y del infarto maligno de la arteria cerebral media. La craniectomía descompresiva constituye una opción de tratamiento. Con esta revisión se persigue valorar las controversias de la craniectomía descompresiva en el tratamiento de la hipertensión endocraneana. Para lo cual se realizó una exhaustiva revisión de la literatura donde se tuvieron en cuenta diversos estudios multicéntricos y multinacionales que plasmaron aspectos polémicos acerca de la utilización de este proceder neuroquirúrgico como terapia en el manejo de la hipertensión endocraneana refractaria a tratamiento conservador. Se concluye que la craniectomía descompresiva se considera beneficiosa en el infarto maligno de la arteria cerebral media, mientras que en el trauma craneoencefálico grave su utilidad es controvertida (AU).


SUMMARY Intracranial hypertension negatively influences the prognosis of severe craniaencephalic trauma and malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery. Decompressive craniotomy is a treatment option. The aim of this review is to assess the controversies of decompressive craniotomy in the treatment of intracranial hypertension. For this purpose, an exhaustive review of the literature was carried out, taking into account several multicentric and multinational studies revealing controversial aspects on the use of this neurosurgical procedure as therapy in the management of intracranial hypertension refractory to conservative treatment. It is concluded that decompressive craniotomy is considered beneficial in the malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery, while in the case of severe craniaencephalic trauma its utility is controversial (AU).


Assuntos
Humanos , Hipertensão Intracraniana/cirurgia , Craniectomia Descompressiva/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/diagnóstico , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/terapia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/cirurgia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/terapia , Sobrevivência
15.
Rev cuba neurol neurocir ; 9(1)Ene-Jun. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-76101

RESUMO

Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones neuropsicológicas en los pacientes pediátricos con traumatismo craneoencefálico leve.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo que incluyó a todos los pacientes ingresados por traumatismo craneoencefálico leve, entre enero y diciembre de 2016 en el HospitalProvincial General Docente “Roberto Rodríguez”, Ciego de Ávila (Cuba). Se les aplicaron pruebas neuropsicológicas antes de su egreso. La muestra quedó constituida por 50 pacientes. Los casos fueron distribuidos según grupos de edades, sexo, causa del trauma, escala de coma de Glasgow al ingreso, alteraciones en la memoria, atención,coeficiente de inteligencia o de desarrollo y caracterización del pensamiento. Se determinó la relación entre la escala de coma de Glasgow con las alteraciones en la memoria, con el coeficiente de inteligencia, con el coeficiente de desarrollo y con la presencia de signos psicológicos de alteración orgánica (organicidad). Se determinó, además, la relación entre la presencia de lesión axonal difusa I y II en la tomografía axial computarizada de cráneo con las manifestaciones neuropsicológicas. Para el procesamiento estadístico se realizó la prueba de bondad de ajuste de Chi-cuadrado.Resultados: Hubo un predominio de edad entre 5-11 años (46 Por ciento) y del sexo masculino (78 Por ciento). Las caídas fueron la causa fundamental del traumatismo (72 Por ciento) y predominó la escala de coma de Glasgow de 15 puntos (60 Por ciento). Se observaron alteraciones dela memoria en 81,8 Por ciento (27 pacientes de 33 evaluados con el test). Existió alteración de la atención en 5 casos de 33 (15,1 Por ciento). Se demostró correlación de la escala de coma de Glasgow de 13 puntos con hipomnesia, 4 de los 5 casos (80 Por ciento) y con la presencia de organicidad en 4 pacientes de 5 (80 Por ciento)....(AU)


Objective: To describe the neuropsychological manifestations in pediatric patients with mild head trauma.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in all patients admitted to hospital due to mild head trauma, from January to December 2016 at Roberto Rodríguez Provincial General Teaching Hospital in Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. These patients were given neuropsychological tests before their discharge. The sample was forme by 50 patients. The cases were distributed in groups according to age, sex, cause of the trauma, Glasgow coma scale, alterations in memory, attention, intelligence or developmentcoefficient and characterization of thought. The relationship between Glasgow coma scale with memory alterations, with IQ, with the coefficient of development and with the presence of psychological signs of organic alteration (organicity) was determined.The relationship between the presence of diffuse axonal injury I and II in the skull computerized axial tomography with neuropsychological manifestations was also determined. For the statistical processing, Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test was completed.Results: There was a predominance of ages between 5-11 years (46 Per cent) and male sex (78 Per cent). Falls were the main cause of trauma (72 Per cent) and Glasgow coma scale of 15 points (60 Per cent) prevailed. Memory alterations were observed in 81.8 Per cent (27 patients out of 33 were evaluated with the test). There was alteration of attention in five cases out of 33 (15.1 Per cent). Correlation of Glasgow coma scale with hypomnesia was demonstrated (13 points), 4 out of the 5 cases (80 Per cent) and with the presence of organicity in 4 patientsout of 5 (80 Per cent)...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/complicações , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/psicologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Testes de Inteligência , Escala de Coma de Glasgow
16.
Cienc. Serv. Salud Nutr ; 10(1): 109-117, abr. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103574

RESUMO

Introducción: El Trauma Cráneo Encefálico Grave (TCE), continúa siendo un problema de preocupación para las autoridades sanitarias a nivel mundial. A pesar de las diferentes publicaciones existen divergencias en la toma de desición en aplicar la Craniectomía descompresiva (Cd). En el presente trabajo se describe caso clínico portador de Hematoma Epidural (HE), Hipertensión Endocraneana (HE), intervenido quirúrgicamente donde la información fue tomada de la historia clínica realizada en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Andino del Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador, previa obtención del consentimiento informado. Presentación del caso: Paciente femenina de 18 años de edad que sufre Trauma craneoencefálico grave, hematoma epidural con efecto de masa y edema cerebral. Sometida a craniectomía descompresiva y tratamiento neurointensivo. Estadía en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de seis días, evolución favorable, ausencia de secuelas neurológicas. Conclusiones: La Craniectomía descompresiva mejora la Hipertensión endocraneana, disminuye la estadía UCI, y los días de ventilación mecánica, sin embargo los estudios actuales demuestran que esta intervención no mejora resultados finales. La Craniectomía Descompresiva primaria, en centros de escasos recursos de neuromonitoreo, puede constituir un proceder salvador. La craniectomía descompresiva está indicada en la segunda línea de tratamiento según la American Association of Neurological Surgeons.


Introduction: Serious Skull Trauma (SST), continues to be a problem of concern for health authorities worldwide. Despite the different publications there are divergences in the decision making in applying decompressive craniectomy (dc). In the present work, a clinical case of Epidural Hematoma (EH), Endocranial Hypertension (EH), surgically intervened was described, where the information was taken from the clinical history carried out in the Intensive Care Unit of the Andino del Chimborazo Hospital, Riobamba, Ecuador, after obtaining the informed consent. Presentation of the case: An 18-year-old female patient suffering from severe head trauma, epidural hematoma with mass effect and cerebral edema. Subjected to decompressive craniectomy and neurointensive treatment. Stay in the Intensive Care Unit for six days, favorable evolution, absence of neurological sequelae. Conclusions: Decompressive craniectomy improves intracranial hypertension, decreases ICU stay, and days of mechanical ventilation, however current studies show that this intervention does not improve final results. Primary Decompressive Craniectomy, in centers with scarce resources of neuromonitoring, can be a saving procedure. Decompressive craniectomy is indicated in the second line of treatment according to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Edema Encefálico , Traumatismos Cranianos Penetrantes , Craniectomia Descompressiva , Hematoma Epidural Craniano , Hipertensão
17.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 32(4): 278-289, dic. 2018. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1222864

RESUMO

Objetivo: Revisar sistemáticamente la evidencia que tiene la inducción de hipotermia en la hipertensión endocraneana traumática refractaria. Criterios de inclusión: Ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que incluyan a: pacientes mayores de 12 años, haber sufrido un traumatismo craneal grave (Glasgow < 8) con hipertensión intracraneana y que se les haya inducido hipotermia terapéutica. Métodos: Se realizó la búsqueda en las siguientes bases de datos: MEDLINE, the Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); PubMed, HINARI, EMBASE; Cochrane Injuries group y lista de referencia de los artículos. Resultados: La mortalidad disminuyó en los pacientes en que se usó la inducción de hipotermia comparados con el grupo control (RR 0,82, IC del 95%: 0,7-0,95 p= 0,008), el grupo inducción de hipotermia muestra una disminución de los desenlaces neurológicos no favorables (estado vegetativo y coma, GOS-E 1-3) frente al control (RR 0,81, IC del 95%: 0,75 a 0,88 p= <0,00001). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico e hipertensión endocraneana refractaria se beneficiarían con el uso de hipotermia terapéutica, aunque se necesitan más estudios de buena calidad para extraer conclusiones definitivas.


Objectives: To systematically review published evidence on the induction of mild hypothermia for refractory traumatic intracranial hypertension. Methods: A thorough search was conducted of MEDLINE, the Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); PubMed, HINARI, EMBASE; Cochrane Injuries group and the reference lists of articles, looking for randomized clinical trials that assessed mortality and morbidity in patients, 12 years old and older, who had suffered a severe traumatic brain injury (Glasgow coma scale < 8), had intracranial hypertension, and had mild hypothermia intentionally induced. Results: Mortality was reduced in patients treated with mild hypothermia relative to controls (RR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70- 0.95; p = 0.008). Similarly, hypothermia induction was associated with a decreased rate of unfavorable neurological outcomes (vegetative state, coma, GOS-E 1-3) (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.88; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Available evidence suggests that traumatic brain injury patients with refractory intracranial hypertension may benefit from therapeutic hypothermia. However, more methodologically-robust studies are needed.


Assuntos
Humanos , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas , Hipertensão Intracraniana , Hipotermia
18.
Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed) ; 29(6): 314-317, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30064938

RESUMO

Isolated traumatic oculomotor nerve (ON) palsy is an uncommon clinical presentation of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). There are very few cases in which it has been possible to demonstrate the isolated damage of the ON by avulsion of the roots, accompanied with traumatic axonal injury and intraneural microhemorrhage. We present a 23-year-old female who, after mild TBI, began to experience right ptosis, binocular diplopia, and photophobia. Clinical examination showed a complete ophthalmoparesis of the right ON, without other neurological deficits. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated no structural compressive damage of the right ON. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with Gradient-echo and T1 weighted post-gadolinium was made, demonstrating signs of intraneural hemorrhage of the right ON, in addition to traumatic axonal injury extending from the right cerebral peduncle to the orbital fissure. Specific MRI protocols contribute as evidence of an isolated lesion to the ON.


Assuntos
Concussão Encefálica/complicações , Doenças do Nervo Oculomotor/etiologia , Acidentes por Quedas , Axônios/patologia , Blefaroptose/etiologia , Diplopia/etiologia , Feminino , Hemorragia/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia/etiologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Neuroimagem , Doenças do Nervo Oculomotor/diagnóstico por imagem , Fotofobia/etiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto Jovem
19.
Rev. crim ; 60(2): 107-126, mayo-ago. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-990978

RESUMO

Resumen El trauma craneoencefálico (TCE) por proyectil de arma de arma de fuego (PAF) es una condición severa producida por alteraciones mecánicas sobre el encéfalo. En Colombia, uno de cada cinco homicidios se produce a nivel craneal. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura para identificar los aspectos médico-legales y clínico-quirúrgicos del TCE por PAF. Metodología: Revisión realizada por medio de búsqueda en bases de datos de literatura médica y recopilación de datos publicados por entidades gubernamentales. Resultados: El TCE por PAF, es un evento epidemiológicamente constante, cuyos patrones se relacionan con la presencia de conflictos armados. Se asocia con manifestaciones clínicas y complicaciones severas asociadas con variables como el tipo de arma y munición, sexo de la víctima, región principal de lesión y mecanismo de muerte. La mortalidad de este evento es muy alta si no se realiza intervención quirúrgica; y de hacerlo, las lesiones determinan la reducción de la expectativa y calidad de vida. Conclusión: El conflicto armado actual de Colombia, hace del TCE por PAF un tema de importancia criminológica, criminalística y médico-legal.


Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by a firearm projectile (FAP) is a severe condition produced by mechanical alterations on the encephalon. In Colombia, one in every five killings is produced at cranial level. Objective: to do a literature review to identify the medical-legal and clinic-surgical issues of TBI by FAP. Methodology: a review conducted by means of medical literature databases searching and data gathering published by governmental entities. Results: TBI by FAP is an event epidemiologically constant; and its standards are related to the presence of the armed conflicts. It is associated with clinical manifestations and severe medical complications connected with diverse variables such as type of weapons and ammunition, sex of the victims, main region of the lesion and death mechanism. If the surgical operation is not performed, the mortality in this event is very high, but if the surgery is carried out, the lesions determine the decrease of life expectancy and quality. Conclusion: the current Colombian armed conflict makes TBI by FAP a topic of criminological, criminalistics and medical-legal relevance.


Resumo O Traumatismo Cranioencefálico (TCE) por Projétil de Arma de Fogo (PAF) é uma condição severa causada por alterações mecânicas sobre o encéfalo. Na Colômbia, um em cada cinco homicídios é producido na zona craniana. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão de literatura para identificar os aspectos médico-legais e clínico-cirúrgicos do TCE por PAF. Metodologia: revisão realizada por meio de busca em bases de dados da literatura médica e coleta de dados publicados por entidades governamentais. Resultados: o TCE por PAF é um evento epidemiologicamente constante, cujos padrões relacionam-se à presença de conflito armado. Associa-se a manifestações clínicas e complicações graves vinculadas a diversas variáveis, como o tipo de arma e munição, sexo da vítima, lugar principal da lesão e mecanismo da morte. A mortalidade, decorrente desse evento, é muito alta caso não seja realizada intervenção cirúrgica. No pós-cirúrgico, as lesões determinam a redução da expectativa e da qualidade de vida. Conclusão: o conflito armado atual na Colômbia faz do TEC por PAF um tema de importancia criminológica, criminalística e médico-legal.


Assuntos
Balística Forense , Criminologia , Ciências Forenses , Estudo Clínico
20.
Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed) ; 29(5): 217-224, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29934069

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe cases of traumatic brain injury due to gunshot wounds in civilian population over 18 years of age, treated at a referral hospital in Cali, Colombia and compare the clinical outcomes at discharge. METHODS: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by retrospectively collecting clinical data related to adult patients that presented traumatic brain injury due to civil gunshot-wounds and that consulted to the emergency room at Fundación Valle del Lili Hospital in Cali, Colombia between January 2010 and February of 2016. A univariate analysis was performed to determine factors associated with death and adverse clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 95 patients older than 18 years, with traumatic brain injury by gunshot were included in the civil context. The 91.6% were male. The main context was interpersonal violence with 54.7%. The most common method of transportation was by ambulance (79%). The Glasgow score at admission was 3-8 in 64.2% of cases; 9-12 in 6.32% and 13-15 in 28.4%. On admission, head CT scan was performed in 82 (86.3%) patients within the first hour, finding a Marshall-Score between I-III in 60.9%, of IV in 17.8% of cases and a score between V-VI and in 4.1%. The trajectory was non-transfixing penetrating in 43.2%, transfixing in 27.3% and tangential in 9.5%. Mortality was 45.3% in total, 39% died within the first 24hours. CONCLUSIONS: A major compromise on admission determines an overall poorer prognosis and a high likelihood of death in the first 24-hours.


Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/epidemiologia , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/epidemiologia , Acidentes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/etiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Emergências , Feminino , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Cuidados de Saúde Secundários , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Análise de Sobrevida , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem
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